| Adamczyk (2009) |
Prospective Observational |
Germany |
Year 1 |
Web-based Interactive Program |
Anatomy |
Questionnaires |
Adjunct resource to learning |
2b |
| Backhaus (2019) |
Prospective Observational |
Germany |
Year 5 |
Web-based lectures |
Surgical Teaching |
Test Results |
‘Digital natives’ students were disadvantaged to traditional lecture style |
2b |
|
Beermann
(2010)
|
Randomized Trial |
Germany |
Year 4-5 |
Web-based Video Learning |
Anatomy |
Test Results |
Improved identification of anatomy with males benefitting more |
2b |
| Bernardo (2004) |
Prospective Observational |
Brazil |
Year 3 |
Web-Based Interactive Program |
Experimental Surgery |
Questionnaire and MCQ |
Positive feedback and can be successfully implemented |
2b |
| Bhatti (2011) |
Prospective Observational |
United Kingdom |
Year 3 |
Web-Based and Podcast Learning |
Surgical Skills - Colorectal |
Questionnaire |
Improvement in knowledge |
2b |
|
Devitt
(1998)
|
Prospective Observational |
Australia |
Year 4 |
Software-Based modules |
Surgical teaching |
Test |
Can supplement clinical experience |
2b |
|
Dubrowski
(2005)
|
Cross sectional |
Canada |
Year 1 |
Interactive Computer-Based video |
Surgical Skills |
Frequency of viewing |
Results can be used as a guide to develop instructional videos |
4 |
|
El Shallaly
(2012)
|
Prospective Observational |
Sudan |
Final Year |
Computer-Based Clinical Examination |
Surgical Skills |
Test score |
Feasible and popular |
2b |
| Fingeret (2016) |
Retrospective Review |
United States |
Year 3 |
Web-based operative video platform |
Surgical Skills |
Exam score |
Useful adjunct to live observation |
2b |
| Gul (1999) |
Prospective Observational |
London |
Year 1 Clinical |
Videoconferencing |
Surgical Skills |
Questionnaire |
High acceptance and satisfaction rates |
2b |
| Harrington (2018) |
Randomised Cross-over study |
Ireland |
Preclinical |
360 Degree Operative Video |
Surgical Skills |
Questionnaire |
Significant engagement and attentiveness |
2b |
| Healy (2005) |
Prospective Observational |
Ireland |
Not stated |
Computer Aided Learning Programme |
Surgical Skills |
Exam Score |
Usage associated with improved class ranking |
2b |
| Jawaid (2019) |
Randomised Controlled Trial |
Pakistan |
Year 6 |
Computer-Based Simulation |
Clinical Reasoning Skills |
OSCE |
Enhanced clinical reasoning skills |
2b |
| Karic (2020) |
Cross Sectional |
United States |
Year 3 |
Educational Videos |
Surgical Skills |
Checklist criteria |
Lack of quality surgical educational videos online |
4 |
|
Kleinert
(2015)
|
Prospective Observational |
Germany |
Year 3 |
Educational Content Module |
Surgical Skills |
MCQ |
Tool for supporting clinical education |
2b |
|
Kronenfeld
(2020)
|
Cross sectional |
United States |
Year 3 |
Teleconferencing |
Surgical teaching |
Survey |
Online learning perceived as effective as in-person teaching in preparing for examinations |
4 |
| Kumar (2011) |
Cross Sectional |
Oman |
Year 1 |
Operative video |
Anatomy |
Questionnaire |
Effective resource for gross anatomy |
4 |
|
Liebert
(2016)
|
Prospective Observational |
United States |
Year 3 |
Simulated-Based Flipped Classroom |
Surgical Skills |
Survey |
Offer additional benefits compared to traditional based curriculum |
2b |
|
Lindeman
(2015)
|
Prospective Observational |
United States |
Year 3 |
Blended Online Curriculum |
Surgical Skills |
Evaluation and examination score |
Noninferior academic outcomes but improved satisfaction |
2b |
|
Memon
(2007)
|
Prospective Observational |
Ireland |
Not Stated |
Web-Based Lecture Course |
Surgical Skills |
Exam Score and questionnaire |
Significant increase in examination performance |
2b |
|
Nousiainen
(2008)
|
Randomised controlled trial |
Canada |
Year 1-2 |
Computer-Based Video Training |
Surgical Skills |
Performance assessments |
Support for computer-based video instruction |
2b |
|
Shippey
(2011)
|
Randomsied Controlled trial |
United States |
Year 1 |
Instructional Video |
Surgical skills |
Assessment score |
Effective method for acquiring skills |
2b |
|
Stain
(2005)
|
Prospective Observational |
United States |
Year 3 |
Videoconference lectures |
Surgical Skills |
Quiz results |
Effective method for didactic lectures |
2b |
|
Sullivan
(2016)
|
Prospective Observational |
United States |
Year 3 |
Virtual Patient Cases |
Clinical Reasoning |
Engagement |
Including more cases allows additional practice |
2b |
|
Vash
(2007)
|
Randomised Controlled trial |
Iran |
Not stated |
Virtual Patients |
Surgical Skills |
Test Score |
Enhanced history taking |
2b |